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Security Internet-Draft Electronic signatures have a limited lifespan with respect to the time period that they can be validated and determined to be authentic. The Signature Validation Token (SVT) defined in this specification provides evidence that asserts the validity of an electronic signature. The SVT is provided by a trusted authority, which asserts that a particular signature was successfully validated according to defined procedures at a certain time. Any future validation of that electronic signature can be satisfied by validating the SVT without any need to also validate the original electronic signature or the associated digital certificates. SVT supports electronic signatures in CMS, XML, PDF and JSON documents.

Introduction Electronic signatures have a limited lifespan regarding when they can be validated and determined to be authentic. Many factors make it more difficult to validate electronic signatures over time. For example: Trusted information about the validity of the certificate containing the signer's public key is not available. Trusted information about the date and time when the signature was actually created is not available. Algorithms used to create the electronic signature are no longer considered secure. Services necessary to validate the signature are no longer available. Supporting evidence such as CA certificates, OCSP responses, CRLs, or timestamps. The challenges to validation of an electronic signature increases over time, and eventually it is simply impossible to verify the signature with a sufficient level of assurance. Existing standards, such as the ETSI XAdES profile for XML signatures , ETSI PAdES profile for PDF signatures , and ETSI CAdES profile for CMS signatures can be used to prolong the lifetime of a signature by storing data that supports validation of the electronic signature beyond the lifetime of the certificate containing the signer's public key, which is often referred to as the signing certificate. The problem with this approach is that the amount of information that must be stored along with the electronic signature constantly grows over time. The increasing amount of information and signed objects that need to be validated in order to verify the original electronic signature grows in complexity to the point where validation of the electronic signature may become infeasible. The Signature Validation Token (SVT) defined in this specification takes a fundamentally different approach to the problem by providing evidence by a trusted authority that asserts the validity of an electronic signature. The SVT asserts that a particular electronic signature was successfully validated by a trusted authority according to defined procedures at a certain date and time. Once the SVT is issued by a trusted authority, any future validation of that electronic signature is satisfied by validating the SVT, without any need to also validate the original electronic signature. This approach drastically reduces the complexity of validation of older electronic signatures for the simple reason that validating the SVT eliminates the need to validate the many signed objects that would otherwise been needed to provide the same level of assurance. The SVT can be signed with private keys and algorithms that provide confidence for a considerable time period. In fact, multiple SVTs can be used to offer greater assurance. For example, one SVT could be produced with a large RSA private key, a second one with a strong elliptic curve, and a third one with a quantum safe digital signature algorithm to protect against advances in computing power and cryptanalytic capabilities. Further, the trusted authority can add additional SVTs in the future using fresh private keys and signatures to extend the lifetime of the, if necessary.

Definitions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. This document use the following terms: Signed Data -- The data covered by a particular electronic signature. This is typically equivalent to the signed content of a document, and it represents the data that the signer intended to sign. In some cases, such as in some XML signatures, the signed data can be the collection of several data fragments each referenced by the signature. In the case of PDF, this is the data covered by the "ByteRange" parameter in the signature dictionary. In JWS, this is the unencoded payload data (before base64url encoding). Signed Bytes -- These are the actual bytes of data that were hashed and signed by the digital signature algorithm. In most cases, this is not the actual Signed Data, but a collection of signature metadata that includes references (hash) of the Signed Data as well as information about algorithms and other data bound to a signature. In XML, this is the canonicalized SignedInfo element. In CMS and PDF signatures, this is the DER-encoded SignedAttributes structure. In JWS, this is the protected header and payload data formatted according to . When these terms are used as defined in this section, they appear with a capitalized first letter.

Signature Validation Token The Signature Validation Token (SVT) is created by a trusted service to capture evidence of successful electronic signature verification, and then relying parties can depend on the checking that has already taken place by the trusted service.

Signature Validation Token Function The function of the SVT is to capture evidence of electronic signature validity at one instance of secure signature validation process and to use that evidence to eliminate the need to perform any repeated cryptographic validation of the original electronic signature value, as well as reliance on any hash values bound to that signature. The SVT achieves this by binding the following information to a specific electronic signature: A unique identification of the electronic signature. The data and metadata signed by the electronic signature. The signer's certificate that was validated as part of electronic signature verification. The certification path that was used to validate the signer's certificate. An assertion providing evidence of that the signature was verified, the date and time the verification was performed, the procedures used to verify the electronic signature, and the outcome of the verification. An assertion providing evidence of the date and time at which the signature is known to have existed, the procedures used to validate the date and time of existence, and the outcome of the validation. Using an SVT is equivalent to validating a signed document in a system once, and then using that document multiple times without subsequent revalidating the electronic signature for each usage. Such procedures are common in systems where the document is residing in a safe and trusted environment where it is protected against modification. The SVT allows the safe and trusted environment to expand beyond a locally controlled environment, and the SVT allows a greater period between original electronic signature verification and subsequent usage. Using the SVT, the electronic signature verification of a document can be take place once using a reliable trusted service, and then any relying party that is able to depend on the verification process already performed by the trusted service. The SVT is therefore not only a valuable tool to extend the lifetime of a signed document, but also avoids the need for careful integration between electronic signature verification and document usage.

Signature Validation Token Syntax The SVT is carried in a JSON Web Token (JWT) as defined in .

Data Types The contents of claims in an SVT are specified using the following data types: String -- JSON Data Type of string that contains an arbitrary case sensitive string value. Base64Binary -- JSON Data Type of string that contains of Base64 encoded byte array of binary data. StringOrURI -- JSON Data Type of string that contains an arbitrary string or an URI as defined in , which REQUIRES a value containing the colon character (":") to be a URI. URI -- JSON Data Type of string that contains an URI as defined in . Integer -- JSON Data Type of number that contains a 32-bit signed integer value (from -2^31 to 2^31-1). Long -- JSON Data Type of number that contains a 64-bit signed integer value (from -2^63 to 2^63-1). NumericDate -- JSON Data Type of number that contains a data as defined in , which is the number of seconds from 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z UTC until the specified UTC date/time, ignoring leap seconds. Boolean -- JSON Data Type of boolean that contains explicit value of true or false. Object<Class> -- A JSON object holding a claims object of a class defined in this specification (see ). Map<Type> -- A JSON object with name-value pairs where the value is an object of the specified Type in the notation. For example, Map<String> is a JSON object with name value pairs where all values are of type String. Array -- A JSON array of a specific data type as defined in this section. An array is expressed in this specification by square brackets. For example, [String] indicates an array of String values, and [Object<DocHash>] indicates an array of DocHash objects. Null -- A JSON null that represents an absent value. A claim with a null value is equivalent with an absent claim.

Signature Validation Token JWT Claims The SVT MUST contain only JWT claims in the following list: jti -- A String data type that is a "JWT ID" registered claim according to . It is RECOMMENDED that the identifier holds a hexadecimal string representation of a 128-bit unsigned integer. A SVT MUST contain one "JWT ID" claim. iss -- A StringOrURI data type that is an "Issuer" registered claim according to , which is an arbitrary unique identifier of the SVT issuer. This value SHOULD have the value of an URI based on a domain owned by the issuer. A SVT MUST contain one "Issuer" claim. iat -- A NumericDate data type that is an "Issued At" registered claim according to , which expresses the date and time when this SVT was issued. A SVT MUST contain one "Issued At" claim. aud -- A [StringOrURI] data type or a StringOrURI data type that is an "Audience" registered claim according to . The audience claim is an array of one or more identifiers, identifying intended recipients of the SVT. Each identifier MAY identify a single entity, a group of entities or a common policy adopted by a group of entities. If only one value is provided it MAY be provided as a single StringOrURI data type value instead of as an array of values. Inclusion of the "Audience" claim in a SVT is OPTIONAL. exp -- A NumericDate data type that is an "Expiration Time" registered claim according to , which expresses the date and time when services and responsibilities related to this SVT is no longer provided by the SVT issuer. The precise meaning of the expiration time claim is defined by local policies. See implementation note below. Inclusion of the "Expiration Time" claim in a SVT is OPTIONAL. sig_val_claims -- A Object<SigValidation> data type that contains signature validation claims for this SVT extending the standard registered JTW claims above. A SVT MUST contain one sig_val_claims claim. Note: An SVT asserts that a particular validation process was undertaken at a stated date and time. This fact never changes and never expires. However, some other aspects of the SVT such as liability for false claims or service provision related to a specific SVT may expire after a certain period of time, such as a service where an old SVT can be upgraded to a new SVT signed with fresh keys and algorithms.

SigValidation Object Class The sig_val_claims JWT claim uses the SigValidation object class. A SigValidation object holds all custom claims, and a SigValidation object contains the following parameters: ver -- A String data type representing the version. This parameter MUST be present, and the version in this specification indicated by the value "1.0". profile -- A StringOrURI data type representing the name of a profile that defines conventions followed for specific claims and any extension points used by the SVT issuer. This parameter MUST be present. hash_algo -- A URI data type that identifies the hash algorithm used to compute the hash values within the SVT. The URI identifier MUST be one defined in or in the IANA registry defined by this specification. This parameter MUST be present. sig -- A [Object<Signature>] data type that gives information about validated electronic signatures as an array of Signature objects. If the SVT contains signature validation evidence for more than one signature, then each signature is represented by a separate Signature object. At least one Signature object MUST be present. ext -- A Map<String> data type that provides additional claims related to the SVT. Extension claims are added at the discretion of the SVT issuer; however, extension claims MUST follow any conventions defined in a profile of this specification (see ). Inclusion of this parameter is OPTIONAL.

Signature Claims Object Class The sig parameter in the SigValidation object class uses the Signature object class. The Signature object contains claims related to signature validation evidence for one signature, and it contains the following parameters: sig_ref -- A Object<SigReference> data type that contains reference information identifying the target signature. This parameter MUST be present. sig_data_ref -- A [Object<SignedDataReference>] data type that contains an array of references to Signed Data that was signed by the target electronic signature. At least one SignedDataReference object MUST be present. signer_cert_ref -- A Object<CertReference> data type that references the signer's certificate and optionally reference to a supporting certification path that was used to verify the target electronic signature. This parameter MUST be present. sig_val -- A [Object<PolicyValidation>] data type that contains an array of results of signature verification according to defined procedures. At least one PolicyValidation object MUST be present. time_val -- A [Object<TimeValidation>] data type that contains an array of time verification results that the target signature has existed at a specific date and time in the past. Inclusion of this parameter is OPTIONAL. ext -- A MAP<String> data type that provides additional claims related to the target signature. Extension claims are added at the discretion of the SVT Issuer; however, extension claims MUST follow any conventions defined in a profile of this specification (see ). Inclusion of this parameter is OPTIONAL.

SigReference Claims Object Class The sig_ref parameter in the Signature object class uses the SigReference object class. The SigReference object provides information used to match the Signature claims object to a specific target electronic signature and to verify the integrity of the target signature value and Signed Bytes, and it contains the following parameters: id -- A String data type that contains an identifier assigned to the target signature. Inclusion of this parameter is OPTIONAL. sig_hash -- A Base64Binary data type that contains a hash value of the target electronic signature value. This parameter MUST be present. sb_hash -- A Base64Binary data type that contains a hash value of the Signed Bytes of the target electronic signature. This parameter MUST be present.

SignedDataReference Claims Object Class The sig_data_ref parameter in the Signature object class uses the SignedDataReference object class. The SignedDataReference object provides information used to verify the target electronic signature references to Signed Data as well as to verify the integrity of all data that is signed by the target signature, and it contains the following parameters: ref -- A String data type that contains a reference identifier for the data or data fragment covered by the target electronic signature. This parameter MUST be present. hash -- A Base64Binary data type that contains the hash value for the data covered by the target electronic signature. This parameter MUST be present.

PolicyValidation Claims Object Class The sig_val parameter in the Signature object class uses the PolicyValidation object class. The PolicyValidation object provides information about the result of a validation process according to a spefific policy, and it contains the following parameters: pol -- A StringOrURI data type that contains the identifier of the policy governing the electronic signature verification process. This parameter MUST be present. res -- A String data type that contains the result of the electronic signature verification process. The value MUST be one of "PASSED", "FAILED" or "INDETERMINATE" as defined by . This parameter MUST be present. msg -- A String data type that contains a message describing the result. Inclusion of this parameter is OPTIONAL. ext -- A MAP<String> data type that provides additional claims related to the target signature. Extension claims are added at the discretion of the SVT Issuer; however, extension claims MUST follow any conventions defined in a profile of this specification (see ). Inclusion of this parameter is OPTIONAL.

TimeValidation Claims Object Class The time_val parameter in the Signature object class uses the TimeValidation object class. The TimeValidation claims object provides information about the result of validating evidence of time asserting that the target signature existed at a particular date and time in the past. Evidence of time is typically a timestamp according to but other types of evidence may be used such as a previously issued SVT for this signature. The TimeValidation claims object contains the following parameters: time -- A NumericDate data type that contains the verified time. This parameter MUST be present. type -- A StringOrURI data type that contains an identifier of the type of evidence of time. This parameter MUST be present. iss -- A StringOrURI data type that contains an identifier of the entity that issued the evidence of time. This parameter MUST be present. id -- A String data type that contains an unique identifier assigned to the evidence of time. Inclusion of this parameter is OPTIONAL. hash -- A Base64Binary data type that contains the hash value of the validated evidence of time. Inclusion of this parameter is OPTIONAL. val -- A [Object<PolicyValidation>] data type that contains an array of results of the time evidence validation according to defined validation procedures. Inclusion of this parameter is OPTIONAL. ext -- A MAP<String> data type that provides additional claims related to the target signature. Extension claims are added at the discretion of the SVT Issuer; however, extension claims MUST follow any conventions defined in a profile of this specification (see ). Inclusion of this parameter is OPTIONAL.

CertReference Claims Object Class The signer_cert_ref parameter in the Signature object class uses the CertReference object class. The CertReference object references a single X.509 certificate or a X.509 certification path, either by providing the certificate data or by providing hash references for certificates that can be located in the target electronic signature, and it contains the following parameters: type -- A StringOrURI data type that contains an identifier of the type of reference. The type identifier MUST be one of the identifiers defined below, an identifier specified by the selected profile, or a URI identifier. This parameter MUST be present. ref -- A [String] data type that contains an array of string parameters according to conventions defined by the type identifier. At least one parameter MUST be present. The following type identifiers are defined: chain -- The ref contains an array of Base64 encoded X.509 certificates . The certificates MUST be provided in the order starting with the end entity certificate. Any following certificate must be able to validate the signature on the previous certificate in the array. chain_hash -- The ref contains an array of one or more Base64 encoded hash values where each hash value is a hash over a X.509 certificate used to validate the signature. The certificates MUST be provided in the order starting with the end entity certificate. Any following certificate must be able to validate the signature on the previous certificate in the array. This option MUST NOT be used unless all hashed certificates are present in the target electronic signature. Note: All certificates referenced using the identifiers above are X.509 certificates. Profiles of this specification MAY define alternative types of public key containers; however, a major function of these referenced certificates is not just to reference the public key, but also to provide the subject name of the signer. It is therefore important for the full function of an SVT that the referenced public key container also provides the means to identify of the signer.

SVT JOSE Header The SVT JWT MUST contain the following JOSE header parameters in accordance with Section 5 of : typ -- This parameter MUST have the string value "JWT" (upper case). alg -- This parameter identifies the algorithm used to sign the SVT JWT. The algorithm identifier MUST be specified in or the IANA JSON Web Signature and Encryption Algorithms Registry [ add a ref ]. The specified signature hash algorithm MUST be identical to the hash algorithm specified in the hash_algo parameter of the SigValidation object within the sig_val_claims claim. The SVT header MUST contain a public key or a reference to a public key used to verify the signature on the SVT in accordance with . Each profile, as discussed in , MUST define the requirements for how the key or key reference is included in the header.

Profiles Each signed document and signature type will have to define the precise content and use of several claims in the SVT. Each profile MUST as a minimum define: The identifier of the profile. How to reference the Signed Data content of the signed document. How to reference to the target electronic signature and the Signed Bytes of the signature. How to reference certificates supporting each electronic siganture. How to include public keys or references to public keys in the SVT. Whether each electronic signature is supported by a single SVT, or whether one SVT may support multiple electronic signatures of the same document. A profile MAY also define: Explicit information on how to perform signature validation based on an SVT. How to attach an SVT to an electronic signature or signed document.

Defined Profiles The following profiles are defined in Appendixes of this document: : XML Profile : PDF Profile : JWS Profile Other documents MAY define other profiles that MAY complement, ammend or supersede these profiles.

Signature Verification with a SVT Signature verification based on an a SVT MUST follow these steps: Locate all available SVTs available for the signed document that are relevant for the target electronic signature. Select the most recent SVT that can be successfully validated and meets the requirement of the relying party. Verify the integrity of the signature and the Signed Bytes of the target electronic signature using the sig_ref claim. Verify that the Signed Data reference in the original electronic signature matches the reference values in the sig_data_ref claim. Verify the integrity of referenced Signed Data using provided hash values in the sig_data_ref claim. Obtain the verified certificates supporting the asserted electronic signature verification through the signer_cert_ref claim. Verify that signature validation policy results satisfy the requirements of the relying party. Verify that verified time results satisfy the context for the use of the signed document. After successfully performing these steps, signature validity is established as well as the trusted signer certificate binding the identity of the signer to the electronic signature.

IANA Considerations

Claim Names Registration This section registers the "sig_val_claims" claim name in the IANA "JSON Web Token Claims" registry established by Section 10.1 in .

Registry Contents Claim Name: "sig_val_claims" Claim Description: Signature Validation Token Change Controller: IESG Specification Document(s): of {this document} NOTE to RFC editor: Please replace {this document} with its assigned RFC number.

Header Parameter Names Registration This section registers the "svt" Header Parameter in the IANA "JSON Web Signature and Encryption Header Parameters" registry established by .

Registry Contents Header Parameter Name: "svt" Header Parameter Description: Signature Validation Token Header Parameter Usage Location(s): JWS Change Controller: IESG Specification Document(s): of {this document} NOTE to RFC editor: Please replace {this document} with its assigned RFC number.

Security Considerations

Level of reliance An SVT allows a signature verifier to still validate the original signature using the original signature data and to use the information in the SVT selectively to either just confirm the validity and integrity of the original data, such as confirming the integrity of signed data or the validity of the signer's certificate etc. Another way to use an SVT is to completely rely on the validation conclusion provided by the SVT and to omit re-validation of the original signature value and original certificate status checking data. This choice is a decision made by the verifier according to its own policy and risk assessment. However, even when relying on the SVT validation conclusion of an SVT it is vital to still verify that the present SVT is correctly associated with the document and signature that is being validated by validating the hashed reference data in the SVT of the signature, signing certificate chain, signed data and the signed bytes.

Aging algorithms Even if the SVT provides protection against algorithms becoming weakened or broken over time, this protection is only valid for as long as the algorithms used to sign the SVT are still considered secure. It is advisable to re-issue SVT in cases where an algorithm protecting the SVT is getting close to its end of life. One way to increase the resistance of algorithms becoming insecure, is to issue multiple SVT for the same signature with different algorithms and key lengths where one algorithm could still be secure even if the corresponding algorithm used in the alternative SVT is broken.

&RFC2119; &RFC3161; &RFC5035; &RFC8174; &RFC5280; &RFC5652; &RFC6931; &RFC7515; &RFC7518; &RFC7519; ETSI ISO ETSI ETSI ETSI &RFC8610;

Appendix: XML signature profile This appendix defines a profile for implementing SVT with a signed XML document, and defines the following aspects of SVT usage: How to include reference data related to XML signatures and XML documents in an SVT. How to add an SVT token to a XML signature. XML documents can have any number of signature elements, signing an arbitrary number of fragments of XML documents. The actual signature element may be included in the signed XML document (enveloped), include the signed data (enveloping) or may be separate from the signed content (detached). To provide a generic solution for any type of XML signature an SVT is added to each XML signature element within the XML signature <ds:Object> element.

Notation

References to XML Elements from XML Schemas When referring to elements from the W3C XML Signature namespace (http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#) the following syntax is used: <ds:Signature> When referring to elements from the ETSI XAdES XML Signature namespace (http://uri.etsi.org/01903/v1.3.2#) the following syntax is used: <xades:CertDigest> When referring to elements defined in this specification (http://id.swedenconnect.se/svt/1.0/sig-prop/ns) the following syntax is used: <svt:Element>

SVT in XML Documents When SVT is provided for XML signatures then one SVT MUST be provided for each XML signature. An SVT embedded within the XML signature element MUST be placed in a <svt:SignatureValidationToken> element as defined in .

SignatureValidationToken Signature Property The <svt:SignatureValidationToken> element MUST be placed in a <ds:SignatureProperty> element in accordance with . The <ds:SignatureProperty> element MUST be placed inside a <ds:SignatureProperties> element inside a <ds:Object> element inside a <ds:Signature> element. Note: requires the Target attribute to be present in <ds:SignatureProperty>, referencing the signature targeted by this signature property. If an SVT is added to a signature that do not have an Id attribute, implementations SHOULD add an Id attribute to the <ds:Signature> element and reference that Id in the Target attribute. This Id attribute and Target attribute value matching is required by the standard, but it is redundant in the context of SVT validation as the SVT already contains information that uniquely identifies the target signature. Validation applications SHOULD not reject an SVT token because of Id and Target attribute mismatch, and MUST rely on matching against signature using signed information in the SVT itself. The <svt:SignatureValidationToken> element is defined by the following XML Schema:

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The SVT token MUST be included as a string representation of the SVT JWT. Note that this is the string representation of the JWT without further encoding. The SVT MUST NOT be represented by the Base64 encoded bytes of the JWT string. Example:

... eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhb...2aNZ ]]>

Multiple SVT in an XML signature If a new SVT is stored in a signature which already contains a previously issued SVT, implementations can choose to either replace the existing SVT or to store the new SVT in addition to the existing SVT. If the new SVT is stored in addition to the old SVT, it SHOULD be stored in a new <ds:SignatureProperty> element inside the existing <ds:SignatureProperties> element where the old SVT is located. For interoperability robustness, signature validation applications MUST be able to handle signatures where the new SVT is located in a new <ds:Object> element.

XML signature SVT Claims

XML Profile Identifier When this profile is used the SigValidation object MUST contain a "profile" claim with the value "XML".

XML Signature Reference Data The SVT Signature object MUST contain a "sig_ref" claim (SigReference object) with the following elements: "id" -- The Id-attribute of the XML signature, if present. "sig_hash" -- The hash over the signature value bytes. "sb_hash" -- The hash over the canonicalized <ds:SignedInfo> element (the bytes the XML signature algorithm has signed to generated the signature value).

XML Signed Data Reference Data The SVT Signature object MUST contain one instance of the "sig_data" claim (SignedData object) for each <ds:Reference> element in the <ds:SignedInfo> element. The "sig_data" claim MUST contain the following elements: "ref" -- The value of the URI attribute of the corresponding <ds:Reference> element. "hash" -- The hash of all bytes identified corresponding <ds:Reference> element after applying all identified canonicalization and transformation algorithms. These are the same bytes that is hashed by the hash value in the <ds:DigestValue> element inside the <ds:Reference> element.

XML Signer Certificate References The SVT Signature object MUST contain a "signer_cert_ref" claim (CertReference object). The "type" parameter of the "signer_cert_ref" claim MUST be either "chain" or "chain_hash". The "chain" type MUST be used when signature validation was performed using one or more certificates where some or all of the certificates in the chain are not present in the target signature. The "chain_hash" type MUST be used when signature validation was performed using one or more certificates where all of the certificates are present in the target signature.

JOSE Header

SVT Signing Key Reference The SVT JOSE header for XML signatures must contain one of the following header parameters in accordance with , for storing a reference to the public key used to verify the signature on the SVT: "x5c" -- Holds an X.509 certificate or a chain of certificates. The certificate holding the public key that verifies the signature on the SVT MUST be the first certificate in the chain. "kid" -- A key identifier holding the Base64 encoded hash value of the certificate that can verify the signature on the SVT. The hash algorithm MUST be the same hash algorithm used when signing the SVT as specified by the alg header parameter.

Appendix: PDF signature profile This appendix defines a profile for implementing SVT with a signed PDF document, and defines the following aspects of SVT usage: How to include reference data related to PDF signatures and PDF documents in an SVT. How to add an SVT token to a PDF document. PDF document signatures are added as incremental updates to the signed PDF document and signs all data of the PDF document up until the current signature. When more than one signature is added to a PDF document the previous signature is signed by the next signature and can not be updated with additional data after this event. To minimize the impact on PDF documents with multiple signatures and to stay backwards compatible with PDF software that do not understand SVT, PDF documents add one SVT token for all signatures of the PDF as an extension to a document timestamp added to the signed PDF as an incremental update. This SVT covers all signatures of the signed PDF.

SVT in PDF Documents The SVT for a signed PDF document MAY provide signature validation information about any of the present signatures in the PDF. The SVT MUST contain a separate "sig" claim (Signature object) for each signature on the PDF that is covered by the SVT. An SVT added to a signed PDF document MUST be added to a document timestamp accordance with ISO 32000-2:2017 . The document timestamp contains an timestamp token (TSTInfo) in EncapsulatedContentInfo of the CMS signature. The SVT MUST be added to the timestamp token (TSTInfo) as an Extension object as defined in .

SVT Extension to Timestamp Tokens The SVT extension is an Extension suitable to be included in TSTInfo as defined by . The SVT extension is identified by the Object Identifier (OID) 1.2.752.201.5.2 Editors note: This is the current used OID. Consider assigning an IETF extension OID. This extension data (OCTET STRING) holds the bytes of SVT JWT, represented as a UTF-8 encoded string. This extension MUST NOT be marked critical. Note: Extensions in timestamp tokens according to are imported from the definition of the X.509 certificate extensions defined in .

PDF signature SVT Claims

PDF Profile Identifier When this profile is used the SigValidation object MUST contain a "profile" claim with the value "PDF".

PDF Signature Reference Data The SVT Signature object MUST contain a "sig_ref" claim (SigReference object) with the following elements: "id" -- Absent or a Null value. "sig_hash" -- The hash over the signature value bytes. "sb_hash" -- The hash over the DER encoded SignedAttributes in SignerInfo.

PDF Signed Data Reference Data The SVT Signature object MUST contain one instance of the "sig_data" claim (SignedData object) with the following elements: "ref" -- The string representation of the ByteRange value of the PDF signature dictionary of the target signature. This is a sequence of integers separated by space where each integer pair specifies the start index and length of a byte range. "hash" -- The hash of all bytes identified by the ByteRange value. This is the concatenation of all byte ranges identified by the ByteRange value.

PDF Signer Certificate References The SVT Signature object MUST contain a "signer_cert_ref" claim (CertReference object). The "type" parameter of the "signer_cert_ref" claim MUST be either "chain" or "chain_hash". The "chain" type MUST be used when signature validation was performed using one or more certificates where some or all of the certificates in the chain are not present in the target signature. The "chain_hash" type MUST be used when signature validation was performed using one or more certificates where all of the certificates are present in the target signature. Note: The referenced signer certificate MUST match any certificates referenced using ESSCertID or ESSCertIDv2 from .

JOSE Header

SVT Signing Key Reference The SVT JOSE header must contain one of the following header parameters in accordance with , for storing a reference to the public key used to verify the signature on the SVT: "x5c" -- Holds an X.509 certificate or a chain of certificates. The certificate holding the public key that verifies the signature on the SVT MUST be the first certificate in the chain. "kid" -- A key identifier holding the Base64 encoded hash value of the certificate that can verify the signature on the SVT. The hash algorithm MUST be the same hash algorithm used when signing the SVT as specified by the alg header parameter. The referenced certificate SHOULD be the same certificate that was used to sign the document timestamp that contains the SVT.

Appendix: JWS Profile This appendix defines a profile for implementing SVT with a JWS signed payload according to , and defines the following aspects of SVT usage: How to include reference data related to JWS signatures in an SVT. How to add an SVT token to JWS signatures. A JWS may have one or more signatures depending on its serialization format, signing the same payload data. A JWS either contains the data to be signed (enveloping) or may sign any externally associated payload data (detached). To provide a generic solution for JWS, an SVT is added to each present signature as a JWS Unprotected Header. If a JWS includes multiple signatures, then each signature includes its own SVT.

SVT in JWS An SVT token MAY be added to any signature of a JWS to support validation of that signature. If more than one signature is present then each present SVT MUST provide information exclusively related to one associated signature and MUST NOT include information about any other signature in the JWS. Each SVT is stored in its associated signature's "svt" header as defined in .

"svt" Header Parameter The "svt" (Signature Validation Token) Header Parameter is used to contain an array of SVT tokens to support validation of the associated signature. Each SVT token in the array has the format of a JWT as defined in and is stored using its natural string representation without further wrapping or encoding. The "svt" Header Parameter, when used, MUST be included as a JWS Unprotected Header. Note: JWS Unprotected Header is not supported with JWS Compact Serialization. A consequence of adding an SVT token to a JWS is therefore that JWS JSON Serialization MUST be used, either in the form of general JWS JSON Serialization (for one or more signatures) or in the form of flattened JWS JSON Serialization (optionally used when only one signature is present in the JWS).

Multiple SVT in a JWS signature If a new SVT is stored in a signature which already contains a previously issued SVT, implementations can choose to either replace the existing SVT or to store the new SVT in addition to the existing SVT. If a JWS signature already contains an array of SVTs and a new SVT is to be added, then the new SVT MUST be added to the array of SVT tokens in the existing "svt" Header Parameter.

JWS signature SVT Claims

JWS Profile Identifier When this profile is used the SigValidation object MUST contain a "profile" claim with the value "JWS".

JWS Signature Reference Data The SVT Signature object MUST contain a "sig_ref" claim (SigReference object) with the following elements: "sig_hash" -- The hash over the associated signature value (the bytes of the base64url-decoded signature parameter). "sb_hash" -- The hash over all bytes signed by the associated signature (the JWS Signing Input according to ).

JWS Signed Data Reference Data The SVT Signature object MUST contain one instance of the "sig_data" claim (SignedData object) with the following elements: "ref" -- This parameter MUST hold one of the following thee possible values. The explicit string value "payload" if the signed JWS Payload is embedded in a "payload" member of the JWS. The explicit string value "detached" if the JWS signs detached payload data without explicit reference. A URI that can be used to identify or fetch the detached signed data. The means to determine the URI for the detached signed data is outside the scope of this specification. "hash" -- The hash over the JWS Payload data bytes (not its base64url-encoded string representation).

JWS Signer Certificate References The SVT Signature object MUST contain a "signer_cert_ref" claim (CertReference object). The "type" parameter of the "signer_cert_ref" claim MUST be either "chain" or "chain_hash". The "chain" type MUST be used when signature validation was performed using one or more certificates where some or all of the certificates in the chain are not present in the target signature. The "chain_hash" type MUST be used when signature validation was performed using one or more certificates where all of the certificates are present in the target signature JOSE header using the "x5c" Header Parameter.

SVT JOSE Header

SVT Signing Key Reference The SVT JOSE header must contain one of the following header parameters in accordance with , for storing a reference to the public key used to verify the signature on the SVT: "x5c" -- Holds an X.509 certificate or a chain of certificates. The certificate holding the public key that verifies the signature on the SVT MUST be the first certificate in the chain. "kid" -- A key identifier holding the Base64 encoded hash value of the certificate that can verify the signature on the SVT. The hash algorithm MUST be the same hash algorithm used when signing the SVT as specified by the alg header parameter.

Appendix: Schemas

Concise Data Definition Language (CDDL) The following informative CDDL express the structure of an SVT token:

text } / null binary-value = text ; base64 classic with padding ]]>

JSON Schema The following informative JSON schema describes the syntax of the SVT token payload.

Appendix: Examples The following example illustrates a basic SVT according to this specification issued for a signed PDF document. Note: Line breaks in the decoded example are inserted for readablilty. Line breaks are not allowed in valid JSON data. Signature validation token JWT:

Decoded JWT Header:

Decoded JWT Claims: